Butterfly Koi

Overview

Common Name: Butterfly Koi, Dragon Carp

Scientific Name: Cyprinus rubrofuscus (long-finned variety)

Family: Cyprinidae

Origin: Originally bred in Japan, Butterfly Koi are a hybrid of traditional koi and long-finned carp species found in Southeast Asia. They are also popular in other regions like the U.S.

Physical Characteristics

• Size: Butterfly Koi can grow significantly large, typically reaching 24 to 36 inches (60 to 90 cm) in length when fully mature. In large, well-maintained ponds, they may even grow larger.
• Fins: They are most notable for their long, flowing fins and tail, which resemble the wings of a butterfly, hence their name. These fins can grow to extraordinary lengths, adding elegance to their appearance.
• Coloration: Like traditional koi, Butterfly Koi come in a wide variety of colors and patterns, including shades of white, orange, black, red, yellow, and blue. Their vibrant patterns are a result of selective breeding.
• Body Shape: They have a more slender and elongated body compared to standard koi.

Behavior

• Temperament: Butterfly Koi are peaceful and social fish. They get along well with other koi, goldfish, and similar pond species.
• Activity Level: They are active swimmers and thrive in spacious environments. As they grow, they become bolder and may even interact with their caretakers during feeding times.
• Social Needs: Koi, including Butterfly Koi, are social creatures and are happiest when kept in groups.

Habitat and Pond Requirements

• Pond Size: Due to their large adult size, Butterfly Koi need a large pond, preferably 1,000 gallons or more. The pond should be at least 3 to 4 feet deep to ensure their safety and accommodate their size.
• Water Parameters:
  • Temperature: 65°F to 75°F (18°C to 24°C)
  • pH: 6.5 to 8.0
  • Water Hardness: Soft to hard water (5 to 15 dGH)
• Filtration and Aeration: Butterfly Koi produce a significant amount of waste, so high-quality filtration and aeration are crucial. A pond with strong biological filtration and plenty of oxygen will keep them healthy.
• Pond Setup:
  • The pond should include shelter and hiding spaces like plants, rocks, and pond structures to give them a sense of security.
  • Adding aquatic plants can help oxygenate the water, but be cautious as koi are known to nibble on plants.

Diet

• Omnivorous: Butterfly Koi are omnivores and will accept a variety of foods. Their diet should include:
  • Pellets specifically formulated for koi, rich in protein and nutrients.
  • Fresh vegetables such as peas, lettuce, and spinach.
  • Live or frozen foods like brine shrimp or bloodworms on occasion.
  • Algae and aquatic plants, which they may naturally graze on in the pond.

Feeding Tip: Koi should be fed 1-2 times per day in warmer months. As the water temperature drops below 50°F (10°C), their metabolism slows down, and they require less food or none at all.

Breeding

• Spawning Behavior: Butterfly Koi can breed in captivity, typically in the spring when water temperatures rise.
  • Courtship: Males chase females around the pond, encouraging them to release eggs, which are then fertilized.
  • Egg Development: The fertilized eggs stick to plants or pond surfaces and hatch within a few days. The fry can be raised separately to prevent predation.
• Growth Rate: Koi grow rapidly in their first few years, and proper nutrition is vital for their health and fin development.

Compatibility

• Tank Mates: Butterfly Koi are peaceful and can coexist with:
  • Other koi varieties.
  • Goldfish or Shubunkins.
  • Other non-aggressive pond fish like Orfe or Rudd.
• Avoid: Aggressive fish or species that may nip at their long fins.

Lifespan

• Lifespan: With proper care, Butterfly Koi can live for 25 to 35 years or even longer. Some koi have been known to live up to 50 years under optimal conditions.

Interesting Facts

1. Hybrid Development: Butterfly Koi were originally developed in the 1980s by crossing traditional koi with Indonesian long-finned carp to produce their signature flowing fins.
2. Symbolism: Like traditional koi, Butterfly Koi are symbols of strength, perseverance, and good fortune in Japanese and Chinese cultures.
3. Cold Tolerance: Koi can withstand colder temperatures and can overwinter in outdoor ponds as long as the water doesn’t completely freeze, although a pond heater or de-icer may be needed in extremely cold climates.

Health Considerations

• Water Quality: Butterfly Koi are sensitive to poor water conditions. Regular water changes and the maintenance of a healthy biological filtration system are essential for their wellbeing.
• Common Diseases:
  • Ich (white spot disease) or fin rot, particularly if the water quality is poor.
  • Parasites, such as flukes, which can infect pond fish.
• Fin Health: Their long fins are prone to injury, so it’s essential to keep the pond free of sharp objects and aggressive tank mates.