Peruvian Green Severum

Overview

• Scientific Name: Heros severus
• Common Names: Peruvian Green Severum, Green Severum
• Family: Cichlidae
• Origin: Native to the freshwater rivers and lakes of the Amazon Basin, particularly in Peru.

Physical Characteristics

• Size: Peruvian Green Severums typically grow to 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 cm) in length, though some may reach up to 10 inches (25 cm) under optimal conditions.
• Coloration: They have a base color that can range from green to yellowish-green, often with stunning patterns of blue or gold highlights. Their coloration can vary based on factors such as age, diet, and water quality.
• Body Shape: Severums have a laterally compressed, oval body shape, characterized by their broad forehead and distinctive, rounded fins.

Behavior

• Temperament: Peruvian Green Severums are generally known for their peaceful and calm demeanor. They can be territorial during breeding, but they are usually non-aggressive towards tank mates.
• Sociability: They can be kept with various fish species, provided those fish are not overly aggressive or too small. Severums can show a degree of sociability, often swimming in groups when kept in sufficient numbers.
• Activity Level: They are moderately active fish that enjoy swimming at different levels of the tank.

Habitat and Tank Requirements

• Tank Size: A minimum tank size of 30 gallons is recommended for a small group of Peruvian Green Severums. Larger tanks (55 gallons or more) are preferable for multiple fish or additional tank mates.
• Water Parameters:
  • Temperature: 75°F to 82°F (24°C to 28°C)
  • pH Level: 6.0 to 8.0 (slightly acidic to neutral)
  • Water Hardness: 5 to 15 dGH
• Substrate: A sandy or fine gravel substrate is ideal, as it mimics their natural environment and allows for foraging behaviors.
• Tank Setup:
  • Provide plenty of hiding spots using driftwood, caves, and plants.
  • Include open swimming areas to encourage natural behavior.
  • Good filtration and regular water changes are important to maintain water quality.

Diet

• Feeding: Peruvian Green Severums are omnivores and require a varied diet:
  • High-quality cichlid pellets or flakes should be the main part of their diet.
  • Supplement with frozen or live foods such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia.
  • Include vegetables, such as blanched zucchini, peas, and spinach, to provide essential nutrients.
• Feeding Frequency: Feed once or twice daily, offering enough food that can be consumed within a few minutes.

Breeding

• Breeding Behavior: Peruvian Green Severums can breed in captivity, typically forming monogamous pairs.
  • They require flat surfaces or broad leaves for laying eggs, and both parents will guard the eggs and fry.
• Fry Care: Eggs usually hatch within 2 to 3 days, and the fry should be fed specialized fry food or infusoria once they are free-swimming.

Compatibility

• Tank Mates: Suitable tank mates for Peruvian Green Severums include:
  • Other peaceful cichlids (like Kribensis and Rams)
  • Larger tetras, rainbowfish, and catfish species
  • Avoid keeping them with overly aggressive or small fish, as they may be bullied or eaten.

Lifespan

• Lifespan: With proper care, Peruvian Green Severums can live for 10 to 15 years in captivity.

Health Considerations

• Common Diseases: They can be susceptible to diseases such as Ich, fin rot, and hole-in-the-head disease. Maintaining good water quality is essential to prevent these issues.
• Water Quality Sensitivity: Regular maintenance and water changes are crucial, as they are sensitive to poor water conditions.

Interesting Facts

1. Personality: Peruvian Green Severums are known for their unique personalities and can recognize their owners, often displaying interactive behaviors.
2. Color Variation: Their coloration can change based on environmental conditions, making them visually captivating in an aquarium setting.
3. Parental Care: They exhibit strong parental instincts, often caring for their fry and protecting them from potential threats.