Black Butterfly Koi

Overview

Common Name: Black Butterfly Koi, Black Dragon Koi

Scientific Name: Cyprinus rubrofuscus (long-finned variety)

Family: Cyprinidae

Origin: Black Butterfly Koi are bred from traditional koi in Japan and have become popular globally, especially in ornamental ponds.

Physical Characteristics

• Size: Black Butterfly Koi typically grow to about 24 to 36 inches (60 to 90 cm) in length, with some individuals potentially growing larger in well-maintained ponds.
• Coloration: The most defining feature is their jet-black coloration, which can vary in intensity. Some may exhibit a shiny, metallic sheen, while others have a more matte finish.
• Fins: They have long, flowing fins and tails that give them an elegant appearance. The fins are often feathery and can extend significantly, enhancing their aesthetic appeal.
• Body Shape: Like other koi, Black Butterfly Koi have a streamlined body with a rounded belly.

Behavior

• Temperament: Black Butterfly Koi are peaceful and social, often thriving in groups. They interact well with other koi and can coexist with other non-aggressive pond fish.
• Activity Level: These fish are active swimmers, frequently exploring their environment and foraging for food.

Habitat and Pond Requirements

• Pond Size: A large pond is essential, with a minimum size of 1,000 gallons recommended to accommodate their size and swimming needs. The pond should be at least 3 to 4 feet deep to provide adequate space and protection.
• Water Parameters:
  • Temperature: 65°F to 75°F (18°C to 24°C)
  • pH: 6.5 to 8.0
  • Water Hardness: 5 to 15 dGH (soft to moderately hard)
• Filtration and Aeration: Good water quality is crucial, requiring effective filtration to manage waste. Regular water changes and aeration are also important.
• Pond Setup:
  • Incorporate plants and decorations to provide shelter and hiding spots.
  • Ensure plenty of open swimming space and avoid sharp objects that could harm their fins.

Diet

• Omnivorous: Black Butterfly Koi have a varied diet that should include:
  • High-quality koi pellets that are high in protein and nutrients.
  • Fresh vegetables like zucchini, peas, and spinach.
  • Algae and aquatic plants they can graze on.
  • Live or frozen foods such as brine shrimp or bloodworms as occasional treats.

Feeding Tip: They should be fed 1-2 times daily in warmer months, with feeding reduced during colder temperatures.

Breeding

• Spawning Behavior: Breeding can occur in a controlled environment, typically in the spring.
  • Courtship: Males chase females, encouraging egg release, which is fertilized shortly after.
  • Egg Development: Eggs attach to plants or surfaces in the pond and hatch in about 3-4 days. The fry should be separated to prevent predation from adults.

Compatibility

• Tank Mates: Black Butterfly Koi can be kept with:
  • Other koi varieties.
  • Non-aggressive pond fish like goldfish or shubunkins.
  • Other peaceful species like orfe.
• Avoid: Larger, aggressive fish that may nip at their fins.

Lifespan

• Lifespan: With proper care, Black Butterfly Koi can live 25 to 35 years or more, with some individuals reported to live up to 50 years.

Interesting Facts

1. Color Variations: While primarily black, some Black Butterfly Koi may develop lighter patterns or markings as they mature, creating a unique appearance.
2. Symbolism: Koi fish, including Black Butterfly Koi, symbolize strength, perseverance, and good fortune in Japanese culture.
3. Temperature Tolerance: Koi can tolerate a range of water temperatures and can survive winter in outdoor ponds if the water doesn’t freeze solid, although a heater may be necessary in extreme conditions.

Health Considerations

• Water Quality: They are sensitive to changes in water quality. Regular testing and maintenance are essential.
• Common Diseases: They may be susceptible to common koi diseases such as:
  • Ich (white spot disease).
  • Fungal infections and bacterial infections, especially if stressed or kept in poor conditions.
• Fin Health: Their long fins are prone to injury, so it’s important to keep the pond environment safe.